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Research compendium

Melanotan-1: research reference

Melanotan-1 is a synthetic analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, with norleucine and D-phenylalanine substitutions described in the literature as determinants of its stability. NDP-alpha-MSH has been studied in in vitro melanocortin receptor binding assays and as a reference for comparing structural variants across subtypes. It has been studied in models of melanogenesis in in vitro studies.

The readout depends on the nervous-system model

Describe the model before the result. A cellular signal, behavioral observation and clinical outcome are not interchangeable evidence labels.

  • Is the study examining an isolated receptor, cells, a brain region or an entire organism?
  • Does the work distinguish measured concentration, exposure and observed response?
  • Does the behavior or marker measured have explicit controls and limits?

Mechanism described in the literature

MC1R is a Gs protein-coupled receptor present in melanocytes. Its activation modulates the cyclic AMP pathway and tyrosinase expression in cellular models.

Declared technical information

The purity value is a product-label specification, not an assay result. A batch result can only be asserted from that batch’s certificate.

FieldDeclared value
Chemical name[Nle4, D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH
SequenceAc-Ser-Tyr-Ser-Nle-Glu-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Lys-Pro-Val-NH2
Molecular formulaC78H111N21O19
Molecular weight1646.9 Da
CAS number75921-69-6
Physical formLyophilized powder
AppearanceWhite to off-white solid
Purity specificationDeclared in the batch certificate
IdentityDeclared in the batch certificate
SolubilitySoluble in sterile water and bacteriostatic water
Storage−20 °C, protected from light
Stability after reconstitutionKeep refrigerated at 2–8 °C and use within the period defined by the laboratory protocol

Catalog names and search terms

These names help identify the catalog entry. A descriptive label is not evidence of efficacy, and structural identity still requires appropriate documentation.

  • Afamelanotide
  • MT-1
  • NDP-alpha-MSH

Catalog classification

Melanocortin analog

Laboratory handling

Reconstitution: Laboratory procedure: allow the closed vial to reach room temperature, disinfect the septum and slowly transfer the diluent against the inner wall of the vial. Do not shake; gently swirl the vial until fully dissolved. Record the volume, diluent and date in the batch log.

Storage: Sealed vial of lyophilized material: store at −20 °C, protected from light and moisture. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles of reconstituted material; aliquot when the experimental design permits.

Personal protective equipment: Handle in a clean work area with a lab coat, nitrile gloves and eye protection. Dispose of vials, tips and sharps according to the laboratory waste procedure.

What NDP-alpha-MSH identifies

Melanotan-1 is listed as NDP-alpha-MSH, the analog with norleucine at position 4 and D-phenylalanine at position 7. The foundational 1980 publication compared it with alpha-MSH and related materials.

The analog showed serum-enzyme degradation resistance and prolonged activity in the examined systems. These assay-specific findings do not establish universal storage stability or how long a commercial preparation retains its properties. Sources: PMID 6777774.

What pigmentation measurements mean

The initial study combined a frog-skin bioassay with adenylate-cyclase and tyrosinase measurements in mouse-melanoma systems. The analog showed greater activity than alpha-MSH in those comparisons, each representing a different experimental level.

Tissue pigment dispersion, enzyme signaling and tumor-cell measurements are not interchangeable. Keeping model identity with the finding avoids presenting preclinical observations as uniform tissue properties or vial outcomes. Sources: PMID 6777774.

Residual activity and related fragments

A 1985 paper examined the full analog and two substituted fragments in Cloudman S91 mouse melanoma cells. Tyrosinase activity remained elevated after removal of the analogs from the medium, describing a residual cellular response.

Persistence is not a plasma-half-life measurement. The fragments shared substitutions with NDP-alpha-MSH but not its full sequence. Each material’s results must remain distinct rather than grouping all analogs under Melanotan-1. Sources: PMID 2992767.

MC1R within a receptor family

A structure–activity investigation used NDP-alpha-MSH as a model for variants in in vitro assays at MC1, MC3, MC4 and MC5 receptors, comparing changes at the termini and central region.

Modifications altered affinity differently across subtypes. MC1R as a research context does not establish receptor exclusivity. Any preference claim needs its supporting experimental comparison; family name or pigmentation theme alone is insufficient. Sources: PMID 9671118.

Afamelanotide as ingredient and formulation

Official Scenesse documentation identifies afamelanotide acetate within an implant and lists a lactide–glycolide copolymer excipient. That finished product has a specific composition and physical form, different from the catalog’s lyophilized material.

Matching ingredient names do not establish equivalent preparations. Implant data belong to that formulation. Comparison requires matching peptide identity and material description, followed by separate examination of batch analytical documentation.

Questions and answers

How is Melanotan-1 supplied?

Melanotan-1 is supplied in a sealed vial containing the quantity indicated for the selected variant, with its batch identifier printed on the label.

How is Melanotan-1 stored in the laboratory?

Store the closed vial at −20 °C, protected from light and moisture. See the laboratory handling section of this page for the complete procedure.

Sources

  1. Afamelanotide for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria. — N Engl J Med (2015); PMID 26132941; DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa1411481
  2. Afamelanotide for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria. — N Engl J Med (2015); PMID 26132941; DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa1411481
  3. Afamelanotide and narrowband UV-B phototherapy for the treatment of vitiligo: a randomized multicenter trial. — JAMA Dermatol (2015); PMID 25230094; DOI 10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.1875
  4. Afamelanotide and narrowband UV-B phototherapy for the treatment of vitiligo: a randomized multicenter trial. — JAMA Dermatol (2015); PMID 25230094; DOI 10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.1875
  5. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Afamelanotide and its Clinical Use in Treating Dermatologic Disorders. — Clin Pharmacokinet (2017); PMID 28063031; DOI 10.1007/s40262-016-0501-5
  6. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Afamelanotide and its Clinical Use in Treating Dermatologic Disorders. — Clin Pharmacokinet (2017); PMID 28063031; DOI 10.1007/s40262-016-0501-5
  7. Risks of unregulated use of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogues: a review. — Int J Dermatol (2017); PMID 28266027; DOI 10.1111/ijd.13585
  8. Risks of unregulated use of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogues: a review. — Int J Dermatol (2017); PMID 28266027; DOI 10.1111/ijd.13585
  9. PubMed research record — PMID 6777774
  10. PubMed research record — PMID 2992767
  11. PubMed research record — PMID 9671118
  12. EMA: Scenesse composition and pharmaceutical form
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